Cruveilhier was born in Limoges, France. As a student in Limoges, he planned to enter the priesthood. He later developed an interest in pathology, being influenced by Guillaume Dupuytren (1777-1835), a friend of Cruveilhier's father. In 1816 he earned his medical doctorate in Paris, where in 1825 he succeeded Pierre Augustin Béclard (1785–1825) as professor of anatomy. In 1836 he relinquished the chair of anatomy to Gilbert Breschet (1784–1845), and in doing so, became the first occupant of the recently founded chair of pathological anatomy.
In 1836 he was elected to the Académie de Médecine, becoming its president in 1839. For over forty years he was president of the Société anatomique. Puerto Rican pro-independence leader, surgeon and Légion d'honneur laureate, Ramón Emeterio Betances, was one of his prominent students.
Jean Cruveilhier was an eminent Parisian anatomist who also described the pathology of MS lesions.
Cruveilhier and Robert Carswell worked independently, with their illustrations appearing almost simultaneously.
Cruveilhier’s contribution to the field goes beyond his description of its pathology; he was the first to record the clinical history of a patient later found to have neuronal lesions.
Cruveilhier and Robert Carswell worked independently, with their illustrations appearing almost simultaneously.
Cruveilhier’s contribution to the field goes beyond his description of its pathology; he was the first to record the clinical history of a patient later found to have neuronal lesions.
His notes recall that the woman: “had been ill six years without cause … she noticed that the left leg resisted her will to such a degree that she fell in the street”.
Cruveilhier then went on to describe how over several years, the patient went onto to develop weakness of both legs and arms, spasms, difficulty in swallowing and visual disturbances. From this he diagnosed a lesion of the upper portion of the spinal cord.
He died, aged 83, in Sussac.
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